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Overview of the issue
Links to product categories are used both in the back end and front end. The product-category slug may be translated automatically when sending products for translation, and may be set directly in the WCML settings for store URLs, or at WPML > Taxonomy Translation.
Even when translations of the slug appear to be available they may not be used, and the original (e.g. English product-category) may be used in links.
Workaround
Go to WPML > Settings > Taxonomies Translation, ensure for Product Categories that the slugs are translated in the “Set different slugs in different languages for Product categories” dropdown, and then SAVE those settings.
A fix will be provided that handles this automatically.