[Resolved] Links created with WPBakery not translated properly

Background of the issue:
I am trying to translate a website with pages built with the WPBakery Page Builder. When I automatically translate the page, many of the internal links, or parts of them, are not translated properly.

Link to a page where the issue can be seen: hidden link

Symptoms:
I expected to see all internal links translated properly. Instead, part of the slug is not translated as it should.

For example, the Dutch (default language) link is: hidden link

and the French translation is: hidden link.

But French should be: hidden link.

I translated the product-category slug in WPML / Settings / Taxonomies, and ran the scan for internal links (multiple times).

WPBakery generates many strings with these links, and the translation basket queue hangs every time. When I open the page for translation, I see the link titles, but not the links.

Questions:
Can you help me find out what is going wrong here, and explain to me the proper way to translate these page-builder based pages?