I gave it another test using my example product "WPML Test" on your live site, and I was no longer able to confirm an issue when it comes to global attributes.
In fact, I did not follow the correct workflow on my first test.
The global attributes will be synced between the original product and translation and what you actually see on the products are the variations.
If you make any changes to the original product, you will need to save the variations again and this will directly sync over to the translated products.
For example, you remove one of the global attribute items on an original product and save the attributes. At this point, you will not yet see changes on the translated product. You will also need to adjust the variations.
For example, if you removed an item, then you also need to remove the old variations from the original product and save the variations. This will sync the variations between languages and solve the issue.
There is no need to translate the products again of you change global attributes or variations on the original product.
While searching for current examples on your site, I can see that your site has 58 variable products.
I revised all those products on your live site in all languages and the attributes/variations were showing up correctly at the moment in all languages with only two exceptions.
The product "Підвіска" which exists twice using the same title.
These products were created in Ukrainian and use the attribute "Довжина ланцюжка" which seems not to be a global attribute.
It looks like a custom attribute that was created directly on the product, as it uses the following items, which are not part of any of your global attributes:
45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61
Such custom attributes can only be translated, if you translate the product with the WPML Translation Editor. There is no global way to sync them.
Anyhow, I can confirm that even if I edit the original products and update the translations, these custom attributes do not appear on the translations.
This is unexpected and I will be running further tests on a local copy of your site to investigate this problem.
This is very likely a conflict between WPML/WCML and another plugin.
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About the global attributes:
I need to repeat again, that is very confusing that you create duplicated global attributes at Products > Attributes.
Those attributes are all Italian, as they are globally declared in site's default language.
But you use:
Dimensione 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
Розмір 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
I suggest again that you delete "Розмір" as this is a duplicate and can lead to confusion.
Further, there are still various global attributes declared in Ukranian. I need to point out, that those all should be declared only in Italian and would like to ask you again to sort this out. See the attached screenshot.
As I said earlier, the workaround can only be effective, if you declare the global attributes in the site's default language, which in your case is Italian.
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Take kindly note, that when running into issues, what you usually need to do is the following:
Create a staging site and try running it with minimal setup to see if the issue persists:
1) Deactivate all additional plugins that are unrelated to Woocommerce and WPML and our add-ons. Now test the product translation again.
2) If the issue goes away, start by reactivating the plugins individually or activate them in small groups and keep testing the product translation on each step. This way, check where the issue recurs to identify the plugin causing the issue.
3) If this doesn't resolve the issue, please switch to a standard theme like Twenty Twenty-One to see if the issue might be theme-related.
Once we identify the cause, we can then attempt to replicate the issue and then escalate it internally. In this case, I'll provide a test site with WPML.
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Migrating sites on localhost and running such tests demands quite a lot of time, which is why I need to ask you for some more patience.