[Cerrado] Unable to duplicate/translate products – WPML throws error + missing localization file

Background of the issue:
Hello WPML Support,

I am having an issue where I cannot translate or even duplicate products to other languages. When I try to duplicate a product, WPML shows an error. Here is the screenshot of the error:
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Even when I only try to duplicate products (not translate them), the process fails.

I also noticed another problem: the language icon on the top panel displays incorrectly and it is impossible to select any language version.

I already tried removing my site key, generating a new one, and re-registering the site in WPML → Support → Registration. Unfortunately, the problem remains.

Browser console error:

GET enlace oculto 404 (Not Found)

This looks like WPML is trying to load a localization file that does not exist.

My WordPress and PHP settings can be seen here:
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Could you please help me identify what is causing this issue and how to fix it?
It is currently impossible to work with product translations.

Thank you!

Symptoms:
Unable to translate or duplicate products. WPML throws an error when duplicating products. The language icon on the top panel displays incorrectly, making it impossible to select any language version. Browser console error: GET enlace oculto 404 (Not Found).

Questions:
What is causing the error when trying to duplicate products?
How can I fix the issue with the language icon displaying incorrectly?