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Overview of the issue
Once products have been translated, if you then manually edit a translated variable product based on global attributes in the WordPress editor and save changes the variations will become disconnected. They will appear missing from the back-end editor and also it will not be possible to choose variations from the front end product screen.
Workaround
The issue was introduced in WooCommerce Multilingual & Multicurrency version 5.5.0.
We are working on a fix, but in the meantime you can edit the file plugins/woocommerce-multilingual/classes/Synchronization/Manager.php and update line 77 from
$originalProduct = get_post( $originalProduct );
to
$originalProduct = get_post( $originalProductId );
Note, if you still experience problems after applying this fix, go to WPML > Settings and make sure the setting “Copy taxonomy to translations” is checked.