"Translate texts in admin screens" page results in a blank screen

Overview of the issue

In some cases, you might get a blank screen when visiting the WPML → String Translation → Translate Texts in admin screens page. The following error is logged in the browser console:

Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token ‘<'
load-scripts.php?c=0&load[chunk_0]=thickbox,jquery-ui-slider,jquery-touch-punch,iris&ver=5.5.1:9 Uncaught ReferenceError: thickboxL10n is not defined
at load-scripts.php?c=0&load[chunk_0]=thickbox,jquery-ui-slider,jquery-touch-punch,iris&ver=5.5.1:9

Workaround

Make sure to backup your database before proceeding.

Edit your database and go to the options table (by default wp_options) and search for and remove the wpml_built_with_page_builder key. This key will then be regenerated properly.