Thank you for the updates. The ticket is escalated to our second-tier team for further debugging. We will get back to you as early as possible. Please wait.
We had detailed testing locally and were not able to reproduce the issue with new posts and the existing posts not having the bug. It looks like the featured image is added to these secondary language posts manually. Because in database it shows different thumbnail IDs for the secondary language post in postmeta table. Refer to the following image URLs for more details.
English Post – hidden link
German Translation – hidden link
And also it works as expected locally after the following steps. So please try these steps after a full site backup and make sure you are getting the expected result or not.
1) Open the Greman or Greek post having issue for edit in native WordPress Editor
2) Scroll down to the bottom of the screen and remove the feature image
3) Update the Post
4) It will load the original language post's featured image
Please check this screenshots for further information - hidden link
Yes that was the problem.
I took over the site from another developer, so I didn't know what they did to make the posts. My issue is resolved now. Thank you!