[Resolved] More than one page for same language in hreflang + hreflang to redirect + missing translated homepag...

// Fix Rank Math sitemap hreflang for translated homepages (WPML).
if ( defined('RANK_MATH_VERSION') ) {

  /**
   * Ensure the EN-CA alternate for the FRONT PAGE uses /en-ca/ (not /en-ca/home/).
   * Works for both the FR entry and the EN entry in page-sitemap.xml.
   */
  add_filter('rank_math/sitemap/alternate_urls', function($alternates, $post){
      if ( ! ($post instanceof WP_Post) || $post->post_type !== 'page' ) return $alternates;

      // Default (FR) front page ID and its EN-CA translation ID
      $fr_front = (int) get_option('page_on_front');
      if ( ! $fr_front ) return $alternates;

      $en_front = $fr_front;
      if ( function_exists('apply_filters') ) {
          $maybe = apply_filters('wpml_object_id', $fr_front, 'page', true, 'en-ca');
          if ( $maybe ) $en_front = (int) $maybe;
      }

      // Only adjust when the sitemap entry is the FR or EN front page.
      if ( (int) $post->ID !== $fr_front && (int) $post->ID !== $en_front ) return $alternates;

      // Build the correct EN-CA home URL (directory, not the 'home' slug).
      $en_home = function_exists('apply_filters')
          ? apply_filters('wpml_home_url', home_url('/'), 'en-ca')
          : home_url('/en-ca/');

      // Replace the EN-CA alternate URL if present.
      foreach ( $alternates as &$alt ) {
          if ( ! empty($alt['hreflang']) && strtolower($alt['hreflang']) === 'en-ca' ) {
              $alt['href'] = rtrim($en_home, '/') . '/';
          }
      }
      unset($alt);

      return $alternates;
  }, 20, 2);

  /**
   * Also make sure the EN-CA FRONT PAGE <loc> itself is /en-ca/ (not /en-ca/home/).
   */
  add_filter('rank_math/sitemap/entry', function($entry, $type, $object){
      if ( $type !== 'page' || ! ($object instanceof WP_Post) ) return $entry;

      $fr_front = (int) get_option('page_on_front');
      if ( ! $fr_front ) return $entry;

      $en_front = $fr_front;
      if ( function_exists('apply_filters') ) {
          $maybe = apply_filters('wpml_object_id', $fr_front, 'page', true, 'en-ca');
          if ( $maybe ) $en_front = (int) $maybe;
      }

      // If this entry is the EN-CA front page, normalize its <loc> to /en-ca/
      if ( (int) $object->ID === $en_front ) {
          $en_home = function_exists('apply_filters')
              ? apply_filters('wpml_home_url', home_url('/'), 'en-ca')
              : home_url('/en-ca/');
          $entry['loc'] = rtrim($en_home, '/') . '/';
      }

      // If this entry is the FR front page, keep <loc> as-is (root), but alternates will be fixed by the other filter.
      return $entry;
  }, 20, 3);
}

$link[ self::KEY ][ $lang ] = apply_filters( 'wpml_permalink', $link['loc'], $lang );

$link[ self::KEY ][ $lang ] = apply_filters( 'wpml_permalink', $link['loc'], $lang, true );