I've enabled the private reply. Please add the package link. If it didn't work, please add it to the reply itself, and I'll make it private from my side.
I was wondering where these strings (old content) come from, made search in the database. there is one match in the table wp_icl_strings. Is it WPML table? Can i just delete it? and other strings from old content? And why they are there if i cleared all content from page?
I don't understand why you can't do this, I've tried it twice, everything installs perfectly. Maybe the fact is that there is a Russian language in the database, and there is some kind of conflict because of the encoding?
(Server connection collation: utf8mb4_unicode_ci)
You can try to empty the table and check if that will help you fix the issue, but please take a database backup first.
2) I use the collation with Character set utf-8. However, I still get the errors using PhpMyAdmin in Xampp local server and Adminer in the CloudWays server.
Please try the provided Duplicator plugin and let me know if you can share the package and installer.
3) Most probably, the issue you face is related to the DB, but I can't be sure; hence I couldn't import it.