This morning I found that the admin dashboard is completely broken. See screenshot.
I found out that it is only the dashboard level that is broken. I can navigate to plugins and other settings normally.
A second problem I found while investigating this was that the product page do not show any products. hidden link
However, if I change the language to german, the products appear. (at this time, that problem has been solved, I'll tell you how later)
My first thought was that this is a cache related issue, so I deactivated the Litespeed cache.
This did not help. Next, I flush the CDN cache, that did not help.
Next, I deactivated all the WPML plugins - as I suspected this would be the culprit, and it was. The admin dashboard works normally again.
But products are not visible on the product page yet.
I decided to update to the latest version of WPML 4.5. With this, products did pop back up again thankfully.
However, the admin dashboard is still a mess. It works fine if WPML Multilingual CMS is deactivated.
Next I deactivated all plugins except Woocommerce and plugins related to Woocommerce - and WPML. The dashboard was still broken.
I went on deactivating all Woocommerce-related plugins, except Woocommerce itself.
Now the dashboard works.
Next, I activated Woocommerce Multilingual, and this appears to be the culprit.
So as a summary: WPML CMS and the multilingual plugin breaks my dashboard.
Also, for whatever reason, my products were gone from the shop page, but I got them back by updating to version 4.5.