Welcome to the WPML support forum. Thanks for all the details.
The WPML is configures to put /en/ or /fr/. I think it was configured tu use /?lang before and the main language of the site has been changed.
That's also my theory because:
- You are using the URL format "language as a repertory (/fr) in WPML
- I checked the YOAST sitemap and the links are correct: hidden link
- I checked the hreflang balises added by WPML and they are also correct:
If you switched from language as a parameter (?lang=fr) to language as a repertory (/fr), then try the following:
- Clear all caches (from server side, plugins...)
- Re-submit your sitemaps to Google Search Console
PS: please note that it won't have an immediate effect, Google needs to crawl your site again and reindex it properly. We don't have any influence on that process.