That's strange, I only see some notice errors in the log related to the plugin Partner Search on the local host.
[23-Aug-2023 01:52:27 UTC] PHP Notice: Undefined index: _wpnonce in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/research/wp-content/plugins/partner-search/partner-search.php on line 609
[23-Aug-2023 01:52:27 UTC] PHP Notice: Undefined index: login in /Applications/MAMP/htdocs/research/wp-content/plugins/partner-search/partner-search.php on line 384
Please try to deactivate this plugin, switch to the main theme (you are using the child theme), re-activate WPML plugins and see how it goes.
❌ IMPORTANT: Please backup your database and website before proceeding ❌
If it does not help, please migrate your site to the Cloudways site again, I will help you to investigate the issue there. You can find the information in the private reply below.
From several tests and combinations that i 've tried, it seems that when WordPress is at version 6.2 and WPML and String Translation are on the previous version, the issue disappears.