Background of the issue:
I suddenly discovered that a lot of product images don't work on shop pages in translations, though they work fine in the original language. It is important to note that it is only the thumbnail images in category pages, the shop page, and in WPBakery modules such as New products that are broken. When I click on the product, the image shows correctly on the product page. Even weirder, if I then return to the shop page, the thumbnail image of the product I just viewed shows fine, the rest are still broken. To add to the weirdness - the website looks fine on mobile, it is on desktop view only I experience this issue. Link to a page where the issue can be seen: hidden link
Symptoms:
Thumbnail images in translations are broken on category pages, the shop page, and in WPBakery modules. The issue seems to be isolated to desktop view. Clicking on a product and returning to the shop page sometimes temporarily fixes the thumbnail for that product.
Have tried running the media translation tool and the link target tool without result. While troubleshooting got blocked out of the website as I hit too many broken links according to Wordfence.
Questions:
Why are the image links broken in translations?
Why is the issue only occurring in desktop view?
Why do some products have totally broken images?