Welcome to the WPML support forum. I will do my best to help you to resolve the issue.
Hope you have translated the image to English from WPML>>Media Translation. If so, please try the steps suggested here and make sure you are getting the expected results or not.
Thank you for the updates. Does it happen with only a single image? Hope you are using WPML Advanced Translation Editor for translating the posts & pages.
Please create a new page for testing with this image and translate it. Then make sure the bug is existing or not.
Thank you for the updates. A couple of requests for tracking this.
1) Please let us know the exact steps to reproduce the issue on your site
2) Please fill the private details fields after a full site backup. I would like to access the admin area of your site for further checking. Refer to the following links for more details about our private information sharing policies.
Thank you for the updates and login information. Have you disabled WPML Media plugin on the live site? Because it is active at hidden link.
Also, I cannot find this image on the Homepage - hidden link. So please let me know the steps to reproduce the issue on your site. It will be great if you can share the URL of the images having translation issues.
Please check the following screencast URLs for more details.
