I understand that when you set default values for the product variations, they're not synced to the translated products.
I tested this on a testing website using the latest version of WPML and WooCommerce Multilingual & Multicurrency plugins. The default values were synced, as shown in the attached screenshot.
I'm looking at the provided debug information, and I can see that you're using outdated versions of WPML (and WordPress).
I recommend updating everything and checking if the issue is there as follows:
1. Back up your website files and database.
2. Move the website to a staging/testing area. You can ask your hosting provider for one or create one using a plugin such as https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-staging/.
3. Update the plugins as explained here: https://wpml.org/faq/updating-wpml-manually/.
4. In the new WooCommerce Multilingual & Multicurrency plugin, go to WooCommerce → WooCommerce Multilingual & Multicurrency → Status → Status → Troubleshoot and Sync products variations.
If everything works fine, push the changes to the live website or apply the changes manually.
Hope that helps, and let us know if you have any other questions. We would be happy to assist further.